BARNAAMIJKA GANACSIGA: SIDEE LOO ABUURAA GANACSI GUULAYSANKARA (Qaybtii 1aad)

BARNAAMIJKA GANACSIGA: SIDEE LOO ABUURAA GANACSI GUULAYSANKARA (Qaybtii 1aad)
Waxaan halkan idiinku soo gudbin doonaa barnaamijyo taxane ah oo ay kamid ahaan doonaan:
Side loo abuuraa ganacsi
Side loo kobciyaa ganacsi
Maxaa keenaa in ganacsi guulasyto
Maxaa keena in ganacsi uu guul daraysto
Shirkadaha guulaystay ee dunnida iyo sababaha ay ku guulaysteen
Shirkaddaha guul-daraystay ee adduunka iyo sababaha ay ku guul-daraysteen
Side lagu noqon karaa maamul ganacsade fiican
Waxaanu samayn doonaa dhawr shirkaddood oo tusaale aanu usoo qaadan doono, si dadku u fahmaan waxaanu ka hadlayno.
Ganacsiga qaarada afrika oo aanu si fiican u faahfaahin doono.
SIDEE LOO ABUURAA GANACSI (how to create a business):
Marka hore waxaa habboon in aan qeexno sua’aasha ah waa maxay ganacsi?
Waxaa jiri kara qeexido badan waxaan se kusoo gaabsanaynaa ganacsi waa gedis ama isweydaarsi badeeco ama adeeg dhex mara laba qof iyo wax kabadan.
Waxyaalaha ugu horeeya ee loo baahan yahay si loo abuuro shirkadd guulaysata waxaa kamid ah in lasameeyo nidaam ganacsi oo afka qalaad lagu yidhaa Business Planning. Waxa aynu halkan ku faahfaahin doonaa waa maxay nidaaminta ganacisgu (business plan):
I . Qorshaynta ganacsiga (Business Planning):
Nidaamka ganacsi inkasta oo uu leeyahay qeexido badan hadana waxaynu kusoo koobi karaa waa qoraal nidaamsan oo lagu qeexay laguna soo koobay ujeedooyinka ama marxaladaha ay marayso shirkadda cusub oo laga raadinaayo faaiido. taas oo noqonkarta nooca ay tahay shirkaddu iyo waxa ay qabanayso (general company description), waxa ay higsanayso (vision), ujeedooyinka shirkadda (objectives), nidaamka suuq geynta (marketing strategy), saadaasha iibka (sales forecast), nidaamka shaqada iyo shaqaalaha ( management and organisation), Loollanka shirkaddaha kale (competition), meesha lagu qabanaayo shaqada (location), nidaaminta maaliyaddeed (financial plan).
Hada waxa aynu halkan ku soo qaadan doonaa mid mid waxyaalaha aynu kor kusoo xusnay:
Qoraalkani waxa uu ka kooban yahay (Table of Contents)
II. Soo koobid shaqada (Executive Summary)
III. Qeexid guud ee shirkadda (General Company Description)
IV. Badeecadda iyo adeegyada (Products and Services)
V. Nidaamka suuq-geynta(Marketing Plan)
VI. Qorshaha shaqo-fulinta (Operational Plan)
VII. Maaraynta maamulka iyo habayntiisa (Management and Organization)
VIII. Cadayn maaliyadda gaarka loo leeyahay (Personal Financial Statement)
IX. Kharashka bilowga iyo Raasamaalka (Startup Expenses and Capitalization)
X. Nidaamka maaliyadeed (Financial Plan)
II. Executive
Executive summary: waa qaybta ugu horaysa ee lagu qoraayo qorshaha shirkadda (business plan) taaso oo macnaheedu yahay in aad si kooban u sharaxdo waxa aad qabanyso waxa uu yahay, cida macmiisha kuu noqonaysa, cidda leh shirkadda, nooca ganacsiga aad samaynayso iyo dhamaan mustaqbalka shirkadda.
Halkani waa halka aad ku sheegayso nooca shirkaddani tahay sida haddii uu yahay shirkadd qof keligii leeyahay (sole proprietorship), is-kaashato (partnership) oo ah shirkadd ay wada leeyihiin laba qof ama in kabadan oo gala heshiis ujeedadooduna ay tahay in ay wadaagaan faa’iido iyo khasaaraba wixii ku yimaada shirkadda, Private Limited company oo iyana ah shirkadd leh saami wadaagayaal (shareholders) waana shirkad ay xadayso shares-ka, taasoo lagu qeexo shirkadd aan usoo bandhigin saamiyadeeda dadweynaha si ka duwan sida public limited companies.
Fadlan ka dhig qaybtan hore wax la fahmi karo oo kooban oo si xirfadleh loo sameeyay, waayo waa muraayadda shirkadda.
III. sifada guud ee shirkadda (General company description)
Halkan waxaad ku sheegtaa nooca ganacsiga aad gelayso, iyo waxaad samaynayso.
Halkan inta badan shirkadduhu waxa ay ku sharraxaan sababta ay u samaynyaan shirkaddan iyo nidaamka ay raacayaan. Taas oo ay badanaa raaciyaan waxyaalaha ay shirkaddu higsanayso (company goals), halkee ayaad rabtaa in aad shirkadda ka samayso? Yaa aad rabtaa in aad wax ka iibiso, mustaqbalka dhaw iyo ka fog sidee kuula muuqdaa in aad u guulaysan karto? Dhinacee ayaad ku xooganan kartaa dhinacee ayaad se ku liidan kartaa? Maxaa shirkadda guulayn kara? Maxay shirkaddaha kula loollamayaa kaaga sarayn karaan? Maxaa khibrad ah ama xirfad ah ee aad kusoo kordhin kartaa shirkadda?
Haddii ay shirkaddu tahay shirkadd qof keligii leeyahay (sole proprietorship), ama shirkadd ay wada leeyihiin laba qof ama in kabadan oo gala heshiis ujeedadooduna ay tahay in ay wadaagaan faa’iido iyo khasaaraba wixii ku yimaada shirkadda (partnership), Private Limited company oo iyana ah shirkadd leh saami wadaagayaal (shareholders) maxaad ku dooratay nooca shirkaddan?
*Fadlan ogow gadaal ayaanu wax walba ku faah faafin doona
IV. Products and services: (badeecadaha ama adeegyada)
Halkan waxaa si qoto dheer loogu qorayaa badeecada ama adeega aad gadayso waxa uu yahay kedibna waxad sheegaysaa waxyaalaha ku saacidi kara in aad badeecaada ama adeega ku guulaysato, tusaale ahaan tayada waxa aad gadayso (quality), qiimaha aad ku gadayso (pricing) etc.
V. Marketing Plan (nidaamka suuq-geynta)
Si kastaba ha u fiicnaato badeecadaadu ama adeegaagu waa ay adag tahay sida ay u guulaysto shirkadd aan lahyn nidaam hufan oo suuqgayneed (effective marketing plan). Halkani waa halka u baahan in aad looga taxadiro, si fiicana looga baaraan dego. Aad ayay khatar u tahay in si fudud loo yidhaa waan ogahay sida suuquu uu noqon doono. Waxa ay shirkadd ama qof waliba oo ganacsi samaynayaa u baahan yahay in uu sameeyo daraasad suuq-xog uruurin (market research).
Waxaa jira laba nooc oo loo sameeyo daraasadaha xog uruurinta suuqa (market research):
Daraasada koowaad (Primary research) macnaheedu waa in aad adigu si toos ah warbixinta usoo uruursato, adiga oo lakulmaaya dadka, booqanaya shirkadaha sameeya ganacsigaaga oo kale, eegaaya goobaha ku haboon, laakiin waxa suurto gal ah in uu kharash badan kaaga baxo daraasadan.
Daraasadda labaad (Secondary research) macnaheedu waa in aad fiiriso daabacadaha wararka laga helo sida majaladaha ay leeyihiin shirkaduha ama warshaduhu, joornaalada, wargaysyada. Waxaana wararkan inta badan laga heli karaa maktabadaha lagu kaydiyo buugaagta, rugta ganacsiga iyo meelaha dawladaha. Waxaa kale oo jira warbixino ku jira mareegaha internet ka (websites).
Nidaamka suuq-gaynta hanoqodo mid shay gaar ah la raadinaayo, loona raadinayo sida ugu macquulsan (specific and possible), samee tiro koob, tirooyin iyo meesha saxda ah ee wax kasoo bilaamaan (LA SOCO QAYBTA LABAAD AXAD KASTA